Valheim building stability

How far a structure can reach before it falls: the numbers the game uses for each building material. Higher maximum support lets you build taller and wider; the losses are what is taken off every time support passes from one piece to the next.
MaterialMax supportMin supportLoss sidewaysLoss upwardsPieces
Ancient50001000.250.067
Ashstone20001000.3330.126
Iron1500200.0770.07723
Marble15001000.50.12518
Stone100010010.12525
Ice10001000.3330.1251
Timberwood200100.20.07717
Hard wood140100.1670.115
Wood100100.20.125392

Straight from the game. See all building pieces with their material and cost.

Questions

How does building stability work in Valheim?

Every piece gets a support value. A piece that rests on the ground has the most support its material can carry; a piece resting on other pieces gets what its neighbour has, minus a loss for the step sideways or upwards. A piece below the minimum support for its material cannot stand.

Which material is the strongest?

Ancient carries the most (5000), ahead of Ashstone (2000).